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Disease Management

Diseases

1.  Blast (Pyricularia setariae)

Symptoms


•Plants are susceptible at all stages.
•Young seedlings will show blighted appearance in the nursery.
•Early symptoms are the formation of characteristic spindle-shaped spots with yellow margins and greyish green centers. Later the centers become grey or whitish grey.
•Blackening of neck region and drooping of the head.
•When the ear is infected all the spikelets become black and chaffy.

Disease cycle


•Initial inoculum comes from weeds or some cereals acting as collateral hosts.
•The pathogen also persists in the plant debris and shriveled grains from infected ears.
•The fungus spreads mainly by air borne conidia.

Epidemiology


•It occurs during June to July.
•High humidity favours this disease.

Management


•Selection of disease-free seeds for sowing.
•Spray of Bordeaux mixture at 10 day interval or fortnightly interval in the main field before ear head emergence reduces the disease.
•Grow resistant varieties like Ratnagiri, Padmavati, Gowtami and Godavari.

2.Seedling blight or Foot rot (Cochliobolus nodulosus)

Symptoms


•Minute oval, brown lesions appear on the young leaves.
•These lesions enlarge and coalesce. Affected leaves wither and the seedlings may die.
•On mature plants the lesions are found on leaf blade, sheath and culm.

•Browning of neck region, break down and hanging of ear head.
•Neck infection causes chaffiness of grains and severe yield loss.

Disease cycle


•The pathogen is seed-borne and also survives in the infected plant debris.
•Secondary spread may happen through air-borne conidia.

Management


•Use of good quality seeds and field sanitation.