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Climatic Requirement

Climatic Requirement

The cool winter and hot summer climate are very conducive to a good crop of wheat. On the basis of agro-climatic conditions, the country is broadly divided into six wheat zones. These are the north western plains zone, the north eastern plains zone, the central zone, the peninsular zone, the southern hills zone and the northern hill zone. The later zone includes the state of Sikkim.

Wheat plants are sensitive to very cold or frost injury at any stage of growth especially at reproductive stage, if temperature is below 15 ºC. So, temperature during the entire growing season and especially at grain filling is the one amongst several important factors in deciding the optimum growth and yield. The ideal temperature requirement varies from plant type and stage of growth. The critical mean temperature requirements of the plant at different stages are given in the table below:
 

SL. No. Growth stages Temperature requirements
1. Germination 20 to 25ºC mean daily temp.
2. Tillering 16 to 20ºc          -do-
3. Accelerated growth 20 to 23ºc          -do-
4. Proper grain filling 23 to 25ºc          -do-


Adverse effect of temperature has been observed to be as under:

SL. No. Temperature (ºC) Effect on Wheat
1. 20 to 22 Most optimum
2. Above 22 Irregular germination with frequent death of embryo.
3. 35 Endosperm decomposes by microbial activities.
4. 16 to 22 Active vegetative growth
5. 22 to 42(during growth) Height, root length and tiller count is reduced.
6. Above 25 (during grain formation) Shriveling of grains causing reduction in test weight.