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Introductiion

  
Scientific Name :Pisum sativum L.
Family :Fabaceae
Centre of Origin : Mediterranean region of southern Europe and to Western Asia.
Common name :  Matar (hindi, nepali) Pea; Field pea, Split pea, Garden pea, Seed pea, Shelling pea, Combining pea, Forage or fodder pea, Dry pea, Feed pea, Vining pea (English)

  Introduction:


Pea is an important frost-hardy, cool-season, nutritious leguminous vegetable that is widely cultivated throughout the world. As a cool season crop, it is extensively grown in temperate zone; but it is restricted to cooler altitudes in the tropics and winter season in the sub-tropics. It is a rich source of protein (25%), amino acids, sugars (12%), carbohydrate, Vitamins A and C, Calcium and phosphorus, besides having a small quantity of iron. Peas being very rich in proteins are valuable for vegetable purposes.
 
Composition:
As it has been mentioned earlier that peas are rich source of many nutrients, the following nutrients are available/half cup cooked garden peas:

Nutrient     Food Value
Calories     67
Dietary Fiber     2.4 g
Protein     4.3 g
Carbohydrates     12.5 g
Vitamin A     478 IU
Vitamin C     11.4 mg
Folic acid     50.7 µg
Iron     1.2 mg
Potassium     217 mg
Magnesium     31 mg

Uses
a) Peas are cultivated for the fresh green seeds, tender green pods, dried seeds and foliage.

b) Green peas are eaten cooked as a vegetable, and are marketed fresh, canned, or frozen while ripe dried peas are used whole, split, or made into flour.

c) In some parts of the world, dried peas are consumed split as dahl, roasted, parched or boiled.

d) Some cultivars are grown for their tender green pods, which are eaten cooked or raw.

e) Peas are sometimes preserved to get the taste during off season.

f) Seeds are thought to cause dysentery when eaten raw. The flour is considered emollient and resolvent, applied as a cataplasm. It has been reported that seeds contain trypsin and chymotrypsin which could be used for contraceptive, ecbolic. fungistatic and spermicide. There are no significant amounts of toxicity or anti-metabolites in peas.

Classification of peas:
Two types of peas are commonly grown in India. The garden pea (Pisum sativum var. hortense) is a green coloured, wrinkled seeded sweet in taste, used for table and canning purposes. Young green pods are plucked and sold in the market which gives an attractive price.

Another type of pea is grain type used for pulse and popularly known as field pea (Pisum sativum var. arvense). The seeds are round or little angular, hard and whitish in colour. The plants are very hardy and resistant to drought and frost. The sweet pea is another type of pea which has ornamental properties. The plants are tall, twining and bear very fragrant flowers. This type has little or no economic value.

Botany:
Pea is an annual herbaceous plant of leguminous crop. The plants are succulent, erect (garden pea) with a plant height of 30.45 cm in garden pea and 50-75 cm in case of field peas. Garden peas being erect, remains erect while field peas have a tendency to climb when provided with a support. Plants bear tap root system with modules on the surface. Stems are hollow, slender, succulent and ridged. It bears pinnately compound leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets and terminal one is modified into branched tendril. At the base of the petiole a large pair of stipule or bracts is found and they cover the petioles in such a way that leaves look like sessile. The flowers are arranged in the form of an axillary raceme. The flowers may be reddish, purple or white. They are self-pollinated and develop into 5-9 cm long, inflated or cylindrical pods containing 5-11 seeds inside them. Seeds are globose or angled, smooth or wrinkled, whitish, gray, green, or brownish; 100 seeds can weigh from 10 to 36 grams.

District Wise Location For Cultivation

Variety
Azad & Dentamy

East
Rumtek, Raymindu, WestPendam, Ranka, Lashitang, Pacheykhani, Nindhi, Tokchi, ChochenPheri, Sumin, Dhanbai, Patim, Nindhi, Pachak, Losing, Trikutam, Samdong, Beyong, Ralap, Nazitam, Martam, Nandok, Naitam.

South
Salleybong, U/Kamrang, U/Mamlay, Dong, Denchung, Jaubari, Maniram, Ghurpisay, Boomtar.

North
Phensong, Chawang, Tingchim, Ramthnang, KabiTingda, Upper Phodong, Gorsantok, Tumlong, Pakshak, Sudur, Bringbong, U/Heegyathang, Tingvong, Lachen, Lachung, Gnon, Sangdong.

South
Dentam, Tikjek, Arithang, Karmatar, Baluthang, Dodak, Soreng, Malbasay, Takuthang, Sakyong, Lingchom, Tashiding, Kyongsa, Rumbuk, Ribdi, Khaniserbung, Deythang, Chuchen, Bhurikhop, Gompadara.