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Varieties

Varieties 

The varieties under cultivation differ in the size, shape, color, and pungency of fruits. The fruits may be thin and long, large and thick, short and bell-shaped, small and round. The unripe fruits may be green, creamy, yellow or orange. Varieties having thin pericarp, low seed content and strong spike are suitable for dried chilli. These are elongated type in this category. The varieties of chillies are broadly classified into 2 groups (1) the long, pungent type, including pickling type, used as spice and (2) bell-shaped, non-pungent or mild and thick-fleshed type, popularly known as ‘Simla Mirch’ or paprika which is commonly used as curries-vegetable. Paprika also belongs to mild group of C. annuum.

Local cultivars from Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu are still popular among farmers. Many cultivars have been recommended for cultivation. Important varieties grown in India are given in Table 1. A number of F1 hybrids have also been released from private companies. Of the hybrid Agni and ARCH 228 are high yielding. 
 

Variety Important characters
Pusa Jwala Developed from ‘NP46A’ x ‘Puri Red’. Pods are long (above 10 cm), thin and pendent, red in color, contain low seeds and mildly pungent. Prone to viral diseases and root knot nematodes. Yield is 10-25 q/ha. Capsicin content of oleoresin is 8.0%. Adaptable to all over India.
Aparna Pods 8.3 cm long cylindrical with semi-cup shaped calyx and blunt tip. Yellow color on ripening. Retain color in storage. High pungency (0.7%) Average yield (dry) 11.7 q/ha. Moderately tolerant to major pest and diseases under field condition.
Dalchini Suryamukhi Red pods are 6-10 cm long, pungency medium and mostly used for culinary purpose and powder making.
Solan  Pods containing high seeds are short (below 6 cm), yellow in color, and highly pungent. This variety is suitable for powder making and curry powder making.
Arka Lohit Dual purpose, highly pungent chilli with an average yield of 3.5 tonnes/ha (dry)
NP 46A Pods 8-9 cm long, thin, wrinkled, light green turn light red on ripening, tolerant to thrips, susceptible to viral diseases. Yield 70-80q/ha (fresh)
Bhagyalakshmi Immature pods olive-green turning dark red on ripening, seed content 38-40%. Fairly tolerant to diseases and insects. Average yield (dry) 11.7q/ha under rainfed and 50q/ha under irrigation. Pod 7-8 cm long and 3 cm in girth.
Jawahar 218 Pods erect thin wrinkled, light green turned rosy-red at maturity, early and high-yielding, average pod yield (dry) 18-22q/ha. Suited for green and red chilli production. Tolerant to leaf-curl and fruit-rot
CH1 F hybrid, yield 249.4q/ha (fresh chilli)
Co1 Elongated and stout fruits with high pungency. Average yield 9- 21q/ha(dry)
Co2 Pods small, 2.4 cm long with dark red color having 7-8 seeds/pod Crop duration of 200 days. Average yield (dry) 22.50q/ha
Co 3 Suitable for high-density planting. Dual, purpose chilli, with a yield potential of 15-18 tonnes/ha (green chilli) or 35q/ha (dry chilli)
G3 Pods, 6-7 cm long and 3 cm in girth. Immature green and mature fruits remain smooth after drying, suitable for rainfed and irrigated conditions, pungency high, average yield (dry) 10.6q/ha
K1 Pods 6.6cm long with 78-80 seeds, red in color, smooth surface with pointed tip. Pericarp 0.07 cm thick. Capsaicin content 0.42% and dry yield 17q/ha
K2 Pods 7.3 cm long, pericarp thickness 0.19 mm red fruit color, 80-85 seeds with blunt tip. Capsaicin content 0.49% and average yield 18q/ha (dry)
MDU 1 Pods 8.0 cm long, red, 50-60 seeds/pod, crop duration 210 days, high capsaicin, Average yield 19q/ha (dry)
Musalwadi Fruits small, dark green with black patches. Dual purpose chilli. It is tolerant to die-back and powdery mildew.
Pant C1 Fruits erect, small- sized, highly pungent. Yield) 12q/ha (dry). Tolerant to mosaic and leaf-curl virus
Pant C2 Fruits pendant, average yield 14q/ha (dry) Tolerant to mosaic and leaf curl virus
Punjab Lal Pods erect medium-sized (4.25 cm x 0.79cm), dark green, and turn dark red at maturity. Rich in capsaicin (0.7%), oleoresin, dry matter and red pigment. Resistant to TMV, CMV and leaf curl virus. Moderately resistant to fruit-rot and die-back. Average fruit yield) 100-120q/ha (fresh)
X235 Flower with yellow anthers serve as marker gene. Pods thin, 5-6 cm long. Calyx is deeply cup-shaped, fruit tip pointed. Seed content 45%, highly pungent. Maximum yield (dry) potential up to 75q/ha
Sankeshwar 32 Pods long (25-30 cm), thin wirely, highly wrinkled. Immature pods light green, turn red on maturity. Retain red color in storage. Mostly grown as a dry chilli
Pusa Sadabahar Pods erect 8cm long and 6-14/cluster. Ripe pods bright red, pod yield 15-20q/ha (dry). Resistant to CMV, TMV, leaf-curl viruses
Sindhur Fruits are short and stout with conical shape
Ujjwala Chilli with erect fruits borne in clusters. Resistant to bacterial wilt