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IT Report


 IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT/INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME UNDER HMNEH (MIDH) DURING 2021-22.
Background
   Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
IPM is an ecologically based strategy that focuses on long term solution of the pests through combination of techniques such as biological control, habitat manipulation, modification of agronomic practices, and use of resistant varieties. It is a schedule of practices starting from field selection to harvesting of the crops for managing pest and disease problem, utilizing all available methods in a compatible manner to maintain pest population below Economic Threshold Level.
IMPORTANCE OF  INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT

  1. Economically viable- Reduces the cost of plant protection & increases quality of the product.
  2. Conserve bio-diversity –promotes protection & increase of natural flora and fauna.
  3. Socially acceptable- helps to improve non-hazardous living standards. Utilizes ITKs and build respect for local people.
  4. Environmentally safe- stops use of chemical pesticides thereby reducing   soil, water & air pollution.
IMPORTANT ACTIVITIES IN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM):
  1. Planning: planning should be done before planting as many pest strategies require steps or inputs, such as beneficial organism habitat management and crop rotation must be considered well in advance.
  2. Pest Identification: to identify the pests is the crucial step in IPM programme. Misidentification of pest could be harmful and cost time and money. For proper identification of pest and disease, experts help should be obtained.
  3. Monitoring: monitoring involves systematically checking crop field for pests and beneficial at regular intervals and at critical times, to gather information about crop, pests and natural enemies.
  4. Economic Injury and Action Levels: the economic injury level (EIL) is the pest population that inflicts crop damage greater than the cost of control measures.
COMPONENTS OF IPM
  1. Legislative /Regulatory measures (Plant Quarantine): This is a legal process by which entry of any new pest pathogens are restricted or stopped through regulatory actions. This is also known as the first line of defense to protect the crops from invasive pest and diseases.
  2. Cultural practices:  it includes crop production practices that make crop environment less susceptible to pests.
  • Soil testing for nutrient deficiencies on the basis of which organic fertilizers/manures should be applied.
  • Field sanitation: maintaining the field weed free minimizes the pest and disease incidence, crop weed competition for nutrients, water, space etc.
  • Deep summer ploughing / soil solarization suppresses soil borne pest and disease problems.
  • INM practices: maximizing the use of organic manures like FYM, Vermicompost, green manures etc. increases crop immunity to pest and diseases.
  • Selection of pest & disease resistant varieties
  • Crop rotation with non-host crop.
  • Soil/seed treatment with antagonistic fungus and bacteria such as Trichoderma viridie/ T. harzianum, Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas florescence.
  • Adjustment of sowing time to escape peak season of pest attack.
  • Proper plant spacing which makes plants healthier and less susceptible to pests.
  • Pest & disease scouting &monitoring (surveillance).
  • Planting of trap crops.
  • Intercropping or mixed cropping.
  • Proper irrigation management(alternate wetting and drying to avoid water stagnation)
  1. Biological practices:  These include augmentation and conservation of natural enemies of pests such as insect predators, parasitoids, parasitic nematodes, fungi and bacteria. Trichogramma spp. are most popular parasitoids being applied on number of host crops. Trichoderma spp., Verticillium spp.,Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. that attack and suppress the plant pathogens has been used as biological control agents.
Augmentation: Application of biopesticides & biofungicides
Bacillus thuringiensis,Bacillus subtilis, Trichoder maherzianum or viridae, Metarhizium anisopleae, Beauveria bassiana, pseudomonas fluorescence, NPV, EPN etc.
  1. Botanical control: botanical pesticides can be prepared in various ways. They can be as simple as raw crushed plants leaves, extravts of plant parts, and chemical purified from the plants. Neem, garlic, tobacco and pongamia formultions are some examples of botanicals.
  2. Physical or mechanical controls:
  • Roughing or removal and destruction of diseased plants and plant parts to eliminate pathogen inoculum.
  • Use of traps and matting disruption: Pheromone traps – for fruit fly (Bactocera dorsalis lure) for fruit crops and (Bactocera cucurbitae lure ) for vegetable crops.
  • Light traps for white grub beetles and trunk borer beetles
  • Pest -o-lure or yellow trap for white flies.
  • Chemical control measures as last option in case of pandemic and epidemic outbreak. Use of some chemical fungicides are permissible under organic farming practices such as cupper fungicides @ 8 kg per ha per annum is considered safe and so sulphur based fungicides.
Major Pest and Disease of Horticultural Crops in Sikkim State.
Diseases Fungal disease Bacterial disease Viral disease Insect pest
Crops
Spices cropa  
Large cardamom Blight 
(Colletotricum sp.)		 - Chirkey & Phurkey Stem borer,
Leaf eating caterpillar,
Shoot fly,
Aphids,
White grub,
Ginger Soft rot (Phythium sp.);
Dry rot (Fusarium oxysporum)		 Bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum White grub (Holotrichia sp.
Stem borer, Shoot fly
Turmaric Leaf blotch (Taphrena malucans)
Rhizome rot (Phythium sp.)		 - -
Cherry pepper (Dalley) Damping off (Phythium sp. & rhizoctonia solani) Anthracnose and fruit rot Colletotrichum sp.) -do- Yellow mosaic Tea mosquito bug,
Fruit fly,
Red ants
Fruit crops
Sikkim Mandarin Citrus die back
( complex disease),
Powdery mildew,
Pink disease,
Scab disease,		 Citrus canker
 		 Fruit fly,
Trunk borer,
Bark eating caterpillar,
Mealy bug,
Scale insect,
Leaf miner,
Banana Panama wilt (Fusarium wilt)
Sigatoka leaf spot

 		 Banana Rhizome weevil,
Pseudostem borer
 
Guava Wilt ,
Antracnose ,
Stylar end rot,
Fruit canker		 Fruit fly,
Trunk borer,
Bark eating caterpillar
 
Kiwi - - - -
Vegetable crops
vegetable Cole crops (cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli) , mustard, radish, sarson etc. White rust;
Downey mildew (Alternaria blight);
Damping off,
Wiry stem,
Head rot
 		 Black rot of cruciferous Cut worm,
Cabbage butterfly,
Red ants,
Flea beetles,
Semi loppers,
Diamond back moth
Crucurbit vegetables
 ( cucumber, pumpkin, iskus, jucconi, bitter gourd, snake gourd, ridge gourd)etc.		 Downey mildew;

Powdery mildew,
 		 Mosaic virus Fruit fly,
Red pumpkin beetle,
White fly,
Aphids,
spider mites
 
Solanaceous vegetables ( potato, tomato, chilly, brinjal etc). Late blight;
Early blight;
Phomopsis blight		 Bacterial wilt Leaf curl virus Fruit borer,
White flies,
Stem borer,
Red ants,
Hadda beetle,
Serpentine leaf miner
Pulses and legumes(pea & beans) Powdery mildew;
Antracnose,
Rust disease 		Pod borer,
 



Programme under HMNEH
As per the SLSC approved Annual Action Plan, the fund provision for the Implementation of Promotion of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)/ INM Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) Programme for the financial year 2021-21 is Rs.90.00 lakhs (Ninety Lakhs) only.

The cost norms laid down in the operational guidelines of the scheme is as given below:
 
Activity Maximum permissible cost Pattern of assistance Physical target Financial outlay (in Lakhs)
Promotion of Integrated Pest Management Rs. 4000/ha 30% of the cost subject to a maximum limit to 1200/Ha limited to 4 ha./beneficiary 7500 90.00

 District –wise Physical targets in hectare.
 
Component North
(in ha.)		 East
(in ha.)		 South
(in ha.)		 West
(in ha.)		 Total
(in ha.)		 Remarks
IPM 1700 2000 1900 1900 7500

Expert Sourcing:
Due to the incidence of new “Pink Disease in Sikkim Mandarin” and other fruit crops, an experts committee as Technical Support Group (TSG) had been constituted by our Horticulture Department vide Notification No. 209/Sec/Horti, dated 21.07.2021, to study the incidence of Die back and other diseases in Sikkim Mandarin”, consisting of scientist from ICAR, CIPMC, Spices Board, KVK, concern Scheme In charge, Joint Director IPM (Horticulture / Agriculture). The TSP had been involved in field monitoring, disease sample collection, pathogen isolation, identification and recommendation of control measures and management practices.
 
Monitoring and surveillance of new disease and pest problems Fund provision (in Lakh) Total amount (in Lakhs)
Sangdong,  U/Dzongu & other areas 1.00 1.00
 Field monitoring, sample collection and pest identification done by the expert team.


The following inputs procured under IPM/INM programme:
 
Sl. No. Particulars Name of inputs


1

Insecticides		 Nimbion 10000 ppm
Nimbion Rufa
Larvo Raze
Cura
AG Soil
AG Jasmonate
Rich help guard III

2
Traps		 Pheromone block
Pheromone trap
Cue block
Cue trap

3
Soil Nutrient		 Rich ferti plus
Sanjivini Plus
Green SK Consortia(NPK)

4
Fungicides		 Fungo Raze
Fruitex
pseudomnas
Sanjivini3+
5 Soil amendment Austin
6 facilitator Knapsack sprayer

    










































Summary of the fund allocation:
 
Purchase of inputs cum transportation expenses Monitoring & Surveillance Transportation expenses Total  (Lakh)
86.74 1.00 2.26 90.00

Subject:  District wise Allotment of IPM/INM inputs under HMNEH programme for the financial year 2021-22.
 
Sl.No Name of input North East South West Back up / urban area Total
1 Nimbion  1000 ppm 25 L 55 L 45 L 55 L 20 L 200 L
2 Nimbion Rufa
500 ml pack		 15 L 30 L 20 L 30 L 05 L 100 L
3 AG.Soil 200 Kg 400 Kg 400 Kg 400 Kg 100 Kg 1500 Kg
4 AG-Jasmonate 10 Kg 20 Kg 15 Kg 20 Kg 10 Kg 75 Kg
5 Rich Help Guard III 10 L 15 L 15 L 20 L 10 L 70 L
6 Rich Ferti Plus 10 bags 30 bags 10 bags 30 bags 20 bag 100 bags
7 Sanjivini Plus 200 Kg 250 Kg 200 Kg 350 Kg 50 Kg 1000 Kg
8 Green SK Consortia 300 L 600 L 400 L 600 L 100 L 2000 L
9 Pseudomonas  florescence 30 Kg 100 Kg 50 Kg 100 Kg 20 Kg 300 Kg
10  Sprayer
5 L capacity		 10 Nos. 50 Nos. 20 Nos. 30 Nos. 20 132 Nos.
11 Cura 500 ml pack 15 L 30 L 20 L 35 L - 100 L
12 Pheromone block  2000 nos. 4000 nos. 2500 nos. 4000 nos. 1500 14000 nos.
13 Pheromone traps 1000 nos. 3000 nos. 2000 nos. 3500nos. 1500 11000 nos.
14 Cue block 2000 nos. 3000 nos. 3000 nos. 3500 nos. 1500 13000 nos.
15 Cue traps 2000 nos. 2000 nos. 1500 nos. 3000 nos. 950 9450 nos.
16 Fruitex 15 L 50 L 25 L 50 L 10 L 150 L
17 Austin 700 Kg 1500 Kg 1000 Kg 1500 Kg 300 Kg 5000Kg
18 Sanjivni 3+ 20 L 70 L 30 L 70 L 10 L 200 L

IPM/INM Inputs were distributed to the genuine farmers of the state by the respective District In-charge involving Field functionaries incorporating with HRD programme.