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Harvesting & Threshing & Storage

Harvesting & Threshing & Storage


Crops are harvested after normal maturity with the objective to take out grain, straw, tubers etc. without much loss. It involves cutting/digging/picking, laying, gathering, curing, transport and stacking of the crop. The harvesting of crops is traditionally done by manual methods. Harvesting of major cereals, pulse and oilseed crops are done by using sickle whereas tuber crops are harvested by country plough or spade. All these traditional methods involve drudgery and consume more time but in the hilly regions, mechanized harvesting using combine harvester/ reapers cannot be done.

Trampling of paddy under feet, beating of shelves of rice or wheat on hard slant surface, beating crop with a flail, treading on harvested crop by a team of animals are traditional methods for Threshing. These methods are time consuming & labour intensive. Some of the improved Harvesting & Threshing equipments suitable in the hills are as follows:
 


(i) IMPROVED SICKLE :
With serrated blade, the unit predominently follows the friction system and shear principle to cut the plants. The cutting force is drastically reduced compared to traditional sickle which uses impact principle. It consists of serrated blade, ferrule and wooden handle, Operator's safety has been taken care by providing appropriate size of raised wooden handle. The unit is suitable for harvesting wheat, rice, grams and thick stalk crops. It weighs 0.257 Kgs and its field capacity is 0.018 ha/hr

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(ii) MILLET THRESHER:
This equipment is used for threshing of millets and has a capacity of 10Kgs/Hr. It is run with a single phase 2Hp electric motor.
 


(iii) POWER OPERATED THRESHER :
Single phase 1HP electric motor run machine for threshing of Paddy & wheat. The machine is run and one or two persons feed the bales from behind for threshing.

(ii) MILLET THRESHER:
This equipment is used for threshing of millets and has a capacity of 10Kgs/Hr. It is run with a single phase 2Hp electric motor.
 


(iii) POWER OPERATED THRESHER :
Single phase 1HP electric motor run machine for threshing of Paddy & wheat. The machine is run and one or two persons feed the bales from behind for threshing.

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(iii) PEDAL OPERATED THRESHER :
Similar to power operated thresher, instead of electric motor, it is operated with a pedal. One person operates the thresher with foot pedal and one or two persons feed the bales from behind for threshing.
 


(iv) HAND WINNOWER:
It is hand operated device for producing wind draft for the purpose of winnowing of threshed paddy & wheat. One person rotates the fan by means of handle and one or two persons drops the threshed paddy/ wheat. in front of the rotating fan from a height. This equipment can be dismantled and easily shifted to threshing yards. •Wt: 35 kgs.

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      Hand Mize Sheller                                        Hand Winnower

 


(v)MAIZE SHELLER:
It is a hand operated tool to shell maize from dehusked cobs. The unit cinsists of galvanized mildsteel pipe with four tapered fins riveted to its inner periphery, the sheller is held in left hand, a cob held in right hand is inserted into it with forward twist, to achieve the shelling. Octagonal designs are also available. It weighs 0.220 kgs & its capacity ranges from 18-20 kgs/-hr.
 


(vi) MULTICROP THRESHER :
It is suitable machine for threshing Wheat, rice, soyabean, mustard, linseed etc. Operated by 5HP three phase elctric motor and weighing about 450 Kgs, it has a capacity of about 200-1500 Kgs/-hr.

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(viii) SEED BINS :
After proper drying of harvested produce, its safe storage away from pests & insects is of prime importance. The Metallic & Plastic seed bins of different capacities ranging from 50 to 200 Kgs capacity are effective for storing grains & seeds at household levels. They can be fabricated at village levels, are lightweight and easy for transportation.