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LARGE CARDAMOM

Name of Crop	LARGE CARDAMOM
Scientific Name	Amomum subulatum Roxb
Local Name	Elaichi/ Bara elaichi
Family	Zingiberaceae
Distribution state/World wide	Sikkim, Darjeeling, Arunachal Pradesh, Bhutan, Nepal
Common Name of Disease	CHIRKEY
Local Name of Disease	Chirkey
Causal Organism	Mosaic Streak Virus
Distribution of Disease in Sikkim	Present in all the four districts of Sikkim irrespective of variety and locality
Disease Incidence	Moderate
Site of Infection	Leaves, pseudostems and clumbs
Dissemination of the Disease	The dissemination of disease takes place through infected planting materials, contaminated tools, and insect vector
Symptoms	The disease is characterized by mosaic appearance on leaves. The symptom is more prominent on young emerged leaves where discrete pale green to yellow longitudinal strips running parallel to each other can be seen. The flowering is greatly reduced thereby reducing the yield with time.
Favourable enviromental condition for disease	Inadequate shades, water stress condition, lack of phyto-sanitation to destroy the insect vectors, presence of infected old plants in garden.
Mode of Transmission	Viral diseases are primarily transmitted through planting material, through sap by the aphid, Raphalosiphum maidis. Disease is also spread through using the contaminated operational tools and implements.
Plant Protection Measures	Viral diseases of plants are cancerous in nature and are difficult to cure. Early identification of the diseased plants, uprooting and burning on community basis helps reduce the spread. Avoid collecting planting materials from infected garden. Establish nursery about 500m away from the plantation in order to avoid aphid colonization. Maintain the garden clean from old cut tillers and weeds so as to control aphid colonization. Sterilization of the tools by dipping in hot water for half an hour before harvesting or cleaning of the healthy field is important to avoid mechanical transmission of the disease.