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LARGE CARDAMOM Furkey

Name of Crop	LARGE CARDAMOM
Scientific Name	Amomum subulatum Roxb
Local Name	Elaichi/ Bara elaichi
Family	Zingiberaceae
Distribution state/World wide	Sikkim, Darjeeling, Arunachal Pradesh, Bhutan, Nepal
Common Name of Disease	FURKEY
Local Name of Disease	Furkey
Causal Organism	Virus
Distribution of Disease in Sikkim	Present in all the four districts of Sikkim irrespective of variety and locality
Disease Incidence	Moderate
Site of Infection	Leaves, pseudostems , clumbs and rhizomes
Dissemination of the Disease	Through infected planting materials, contaminated tools and insect vector
Symptoms	The affected plants produce profuse stunted shoots which fail to produce flowers. The leaves become small, lightly curled and pale green in colour. The inflorescence becomes stunted, thereby producing no flowers and fruits. The capsule size reduced and chaffy without seeds
Favourable enviromental condition for disease	Inadequate shades, water stress condition, lack of phyto-sanitation to destroy the insect vectors, presence of infected old plants in garden
Mode of Transmission	Viral diseases are primarily transmitted through planting material, through sap by the aphid, Pentalomia nigronervosa, Mycromyzus kalimpongensis. Disease is also spread through using the contaminated operational tools and implements
Plant Protection Measures	Viral diseases of plants are cancerous in nature and are difficult to cure. Early identification of the diseased plants uprooting and burning on community basis helps reduce the spread. Avoid collecting planting materials from infected garden. Establish nursery about 500m away from the plantation in order to avoid aphid colonization. Maintain the garden clean from old cut tillers and weeds so as to control aphid colonization. Sterilization of the tools by dipping in hot water for half an hour or (disinfect in 10% formaldehyde solution) before harvesting or cleaning of the healthy field is important to avoid mechanical transmission of the disease. The viral diseases are not transmitted through seed, therefore, seedlings are disease free. Use of tissue culture plants could be another alternative of combat the disease problem